List of military equipment used by Syrian opposition forces in the Syrian Civil War. This list does not include equipment used by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
Sources
Large equipment like tanks and vehicles are generally captured from Syrian Army supplies, but small arms are likely a mixture of captured Syrian Army weapons, weapons imported by foreign combatants joining the opposition forces, or other sources. These include funding by private donors (notably from the Gulf region) and equipment supplied by friendly nations.
The U.S. supplied a considerable amount of weapons and ammunition, generally of Soviet-type from Easter Europe, to Syrian rebel groups under operation Timber Sycamore. For example Jane’s Defence Weeklyreported that in December 2015 the U.S. shipped 994 tonnes of weapons and ammunition (including packaging and container weight).
Small arms
Model | Image | Caliber | Type | Origin | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pistols | ||||||
TT-33 | 7.62×25mm Tokarev | Pistol | Soviet Union | |||
Makarov PM | 9×18mm Makarov | Pistol | Soviet Union | |||
M1911 | .45 ACP | Pistol | United States | |||
TİSAŞ Zigana C45 | .45 ACP | Pistol | Turkey | |||
Glock 17 | 9×19mm Parabellum | Pistol | Austria | |||
Browning Hi-Power | 9×19mm Parabellum | Pistol | Belgium | |||
Kral Arms Canas | 9 mm | Blank pistol | Turkey | Blank pistol, possibly converted to fire live rounds. | ||
Rifles | ||||||
Mosin–Nagant | 7.62×54mmR | Bolt-action rifle | Soviet Union | Limited usage. | ||
MAS-36 | 7.5×54mm French | Bolt-action rifle | France | Limited usage. | ||
SKS | 7.62×39mm | Semi-automatic rifle | Soviet Union | Limited usage.
Chinese copy of SKS. Limited usage. |
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Heckler & Koch G3 | 7.62×51mm NATO | Battle rifle | Germany | |||
FN FAL | 7.62×51mm NATO | Battle rifle | Belgium | |||
M14 rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | Battle rifle | United States | Rare. | ||
Assault rifles | ||||||
StG 44 | 7.92×33mm Kurz | Assault rifle | Nazi Germany | Around 5,000 captured from the Syrian Army. Very limited usage. | ||
AK-47 | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | Soviet Union | |||
AKM | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | Soviet Union | |||
Type 56 | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | People’s Republic of China | Chinese variant of the Russian AK-47 and AKM. | ||
Zastava M70 | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | Yugoslavia | Yugoslavian variant of the Russian AK-47 and AKM. | ||
PM md. 63 | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | Socialist Republic of Romania | |||
AMD 65 | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | Hungarian People’s Republic | |||
vz. 58[15] | 7.62×39mm | Assault Rifle | Czechoslovakia | |||
AK-74 | 5.45×39mm | Assault rifle | Soviet Union | |||
M16 | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | United States | Used by Division 30, the New Syrian Army,Al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield rebels | ||
M4 | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | United States | |||
Norinco CQ | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | People’s Republic of China | |||
FAMAS | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | France | Limited usage. | ||
Steyr AUG | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | Austria | Origin unclear; serial numbers removed. | ||
Sniper rifles | ||||||
Steyr SSG 69[18] | 7.62×51mm NATO | Sniper rifle | Austria | |||
Dragunov SVD | 7.62×54mmR | Sniper rifle | Soviet Union | |||
Zastava M91 | 7.62×54mmR | Sniper rifle | Yugoslavia | |||
PSL | 7.62×54mmR 7.62×51mm NATO |
Designated marksman rifle | Socialist Republic of Romania | |||
OSV-96 | 12.7×108mm | Anti-materiel rifle | Russia | |||
M99 | 12.7×108mm | Anti-materiel rifle | People’s Republic of China | Supplied by Qatar. | ||
Sayad-2 | .50 BMG | Anti-materiel rifle | Iran | Unlicensed Iranian produced copy of the Steyr HS .50. Captured from the Syrian Army. |
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PTRS-41 | 14.5×114mm | Anti-tank rifle | Soviet Union | |||
Submachine guns | ||||||
Sa vz. 23 | 7.62×25mm Tokarev | Submachine gun | Czechoslovakia | |||
Uzi | 9×19mm Parabellum | Submachine Gun | Israel | Rare. | ||
Machine guns | ||||||
RPD | 7.62×39mm | Light machine gun | Soviet Union | |||
RPK | 5.45×39mm | Light machine gun | Soviet Union | |||
PK | 7.62×54mmR | General-purpose machine gun | Soviet Union | |||
Zastava M84 | 7.62×54mmR | General-purpose machine gun | Yugoslavia | Yugoslavian copy of the PK. | ||
MG-34 | 7.92×57mm Mauser | General-purpose machine gun | Nazi Germany | Rare. | ||
M240B | 7.62×51mm NATO | General-purpose machine gun | Belgium | Used by the NSA and al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield forces | ||
DShK | 12.7×108mm | Heavy machine gun | Soviet Union | Often mounted on technicals.
Chinese copy of DShK. |
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NSV | 12.7×108mm | Heavy machine gun | Soviet Union | |||
W85 | 12.7×108mm | Heavy machine gun | People’s Republic of China | |||
KPV | 14.5×114mm | Heavy machine gun | Soviet Union | Often mounted on technicals. | ||
M2 Browning | 12.7 x 99mm NATO | United States | Used by al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield rebels |
Grenades and explosives
Model | Image | Diameter | Type | Origin | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 55 mm | Hand grenade | Soviet Union | ||
Mk 2 grenade | 59 mm | Hand grenade | United States | ||
RGD-5 | 58 mm | Hand grenade | Soviet Union | ||
OHG-92[30] | 65mm[31] | Hand grenade | Switzerland | Grenades originally delivered to the United Arab Emirates in 2003–2004 and then given to Jordan in 2004. Unclear how the hand grenades reached the Syrian rebels.[32] | |
AGS-17 | 30×29mm grenade | Automatic grenade launcher | Soviet Union | ||
Type 87 | 35×32mm grenade | Automatic grenade launcher | People’s Republic of China | ||
RBG-6 | 40×46mm grenade | Automatic grenade launcher | Croatia | Croatian-produced copy of South African Milkor MGL. Supplied by Saudi Arabia. | |
IED | Improvised explosive device | / Syria | |||
Molotov cocktail | Incendiary device | / Syria |
Anti-tank weapons
Model | Image | Diameter | Type | Origin | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoulder-fired missiles | ||||||
RPG-2 | 82 mm | Recoilless rifle | Soviet Union | |||
RPG-7 | 40 mm (launcher only, warhead diameter varies) | Rocket-propelled grenade | Soviet Union | |||
RPG-18 | 64 mm | Rocket-propelled grenade | Soviet Union | |||
RPG-22 | 72.5 mm | Rocket-propelled grenade | Soviet Union | Supplied by Saudi Arabia. | ||
RPG-26 | 72.5 mm | Rocket-propelled grenade | Soviet Union | |||
RPG-29 | 105 mm | Rocket-propelled grenade | Soviet Union | |||
RPG-75 | 68 mm | Rocket-propelled grenade | Czechoslovakia | |||
M72 LAW | 66 mm | Anti-tank rocket launcher | United States | Turkish HAR-66 (LAW copy) supllied by turkey | ||
M79 Osa | 90 mm | Anti-tank rocket launcher | Yugoslavia | Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[36] | ||
RBR-120 mm M90 | 120 mm | Anti-tank rocket launcher | Serbia | |||
Anti-tank guided weapons | ||||||
9M14 Malyutka | 125 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | Soviet Union | Designated AT-3 Sagger by NATO. | ||
9K111 Fagot | 120 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | Soviet Union | Designated AT-4 Spigot by NATO. | ||
9M113 Konkurs | 135 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | Soviet Union | Captured from the Syrian Army and supplied by Saudi Arabia. Designated AT-5 Spandrel by NATO. | ||
9K115-2 Metis-M | 130 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | Russia | Designated AT-13 Saxhorn-2 by NATO. | ||
9M133 Kornet | 152 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | Russia | Designated AT-14 Spriggan by NATO. | ||
HJ-8 | 120 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | People’s Republic of China | Supplied by Qatar. | ||
MILAN | 115 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | France Germany |
Captured from the Syrian Army. Some supplied by Qatar or Libya. | ||
BGM-71 TOW | 152 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | United States | Allegedly supplied by the U.S., but origin remains unclear; serial numbers removed. |
Anti-aircraft weapons
Model | Image | Diameter | Type | Origin | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Towed anti-aircraft guns | ||||||
ZU-23-2 | 23 mm | Autocannon | Soviet Union | Often mounted on technicals. | ||
37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) | 37 mm | Autocannon | Soviet Union | Mounted on technicals. | ||
57 mm AZP S-60 | 57 mm | Autocannon | Soviet Union | |||
ZPU | 14.5×114mm | Anti-aircraft gun | Soviet Union | Based on the Soviet 14.5 mm KPV heavy machine gun. | ||
Self-propelled air defense | ||||||
ZSU-23-4 “Shilka” | 23 mm | Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun | Soviet Union | Often used against ground targets in urban environments. | ||
9K33 Osa | 209.6 mm 9M33 missile | Amphibious SAM system | Soviet Union | Two captured from the Syrian Armed Forces and used by Jaysh al-Islam. | ||
Man-portable air-defense systems | ||||||
FN-6 | 72 mm | People’s Republic of China | Supplied by Qatar. | |||
9K32 Strela-2 | 72 mm | Man-portable air-defense system | Soviet Union | Designated SA-7 Grail by NATO. | ||
9K310 Igla-1 | 72 mm | Man-portable air-defense system | Soviet Union | Designated SA-16 Gimlet by NATO. | ||
9K338 Igla-S | 72 mm | Man-portable air-defense system | Soviet Union | Designated SA-24 Grinch by NATO. |
Artillery[edit]
Model | Image | Caliber | Type | Origin | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mortars | ||||||
82-BM-37[citation needed] | 82 mm | Infantry mortar | Soviet Union | |||
2B9M Vasilek | 82 mm | Gun-mortar | Soviet Union | Possible Chinese copy (W99). At least one in use by Ansar al-Sham. Unclear origin. |
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Improvised mortars | Various | Improvised mortar | / Syria | |||
Field artillery | ||||||
10.5 cm leFH 18M | 105 mm | Howitzer | Nazi Germany | |||
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) | 122mm | Howitzer | Soviet Union | Captured during Ramouseh Artillery Base assault by Jaish al Fateh | ||
D-30 | 122 mm | Howitzer | Soviet Union | |||
“Hell Cannon” | Various | Improvised howitzer | Syria | Improvised howitzer that fires propane gas cylinders. Originated with the Ahrar al-Shamal Brigades, now used widely. |
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M-46 | 130 mm | Field gun | Soviet Union | |||
180 mm gun S-23 | 180mm | Heavy Gun | Soviet Union | Captured during Ramouseh Artillery Base assault by Jaish al Fateh | ||
Self-propelled artillery | ||||||
2S1 Gvozdika | 122 mm | Self propelled howitzer | Soviet Union | Armed with D-30 howitzer. | ||
2S3 Akatsiya | 152.4 mm | Self propelled howitzer | Soviet Union | Armed with D-22 howitzer. | ||
Recoilless rifles | ||||||
B-10 | 82 mm | Recoilless rifle | Soviet Union |
Chinese copy of B-10. |
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M60 | Recoilless rifle | Yugoslavia | Supplied by Saudi Arabia. | |||
M40 | 105 mm | Recoilless rifle | United States | Possible Iranian copy. | ||
Carl Gustav 84mm | 84 mm | Recoilless rifle | Sweden | |||
SPG-9 | 73 mm | Recoilless rifle | Soviet Union | |||
Rocket artillery | ||||||
Type 63 | 106.7 mm | Multiple rocket launcher | People’s Republic of China | Possible Iranian copy. | ||
RAK-12 | 128 mm | Multiple rocket launcher | Croatia | Croatian built version of Yugoslavian M-63 Plamen with 12 rocket tubes instead of the original 32. Supplied by Saudi Arabia. |
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BM-21 Grad | 122 mm | Multiple rocket launcher | Soviet Union | Captured from the Syrian Army. Supllied by gulf states | ||
Grad-P | 122 mm | Light portable rocket system | Soviet Union | |||
Improvised rocket launchers | Various | Rocket launcher | / Syria |
Tanks and armoured vehicles
Model | Image | Type | Origin | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
T-55 | Medium tank Main battle tank |
Soviet Union | Captured from the Syrian Army. | |
T-62 | Main battle tank | Soviet Union | Captured from the Syrian Army. | |
T-72 | Main battle tank | Soviet Union | Captured from the Syrian Army. At least 8 operated by Jaysh al-Islam. Liwa Dawood had another 6, now owned by ISIL. |
|
T-90 | Main battle tank | Russia | 1 operated by Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki, captured from the Syrian Army. | |
BMP-1 | Infantry fighting vehicle | Soviet Union | Captured from the Syrian Army. | |
BVP-1 AMB-S | Field ambulance | Czechoslovakia | Captured from the Syrian Army. | |
BMP-2 | Infantry fighting vehicle | Soviet Union | Two BMP-2s were captured from Syrian Army when FSA overran Aleppo’s Infantry School and another was destroyed in the fight for Aleppo’s Central Prison. | |
BTR-60 | Wheeled amphibious armoured personnel carrier | Soviet Union | Captured from the Syrian Army. | |
BRDM-2 | Amphibious armoured scout car | Soviet Union | Captured from the Syrian Army. | |
Improvised fighting vehicles | Improvised fighting vehicle | Syria | Examples are the Sham 1 armored pickup truck and the Sham 2 armored car used by the Al-Ansar Brigade. |
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