Syrian Arab Republic and allies
- Syrian Armed Forces
- Syrian Arab Army
- Lionesses of Defense Armored Battalion
- 100th Artillery Regiment
- 101st Infantry “Security” Regiment
- 102nd Infantry “Security” Regiment
- 102nd Commando Regiment
- 103rd Commando Brigade
- 104th Airborne Regiment
- 105th Mechanized Brigade
- 106th Mechanized Brigade
- 124th Special Forces Brigade
- 800th Regiment
- 30th Division
- Popular Security and Support Forces[2]
- 4th Armoured Division
- Special Forces Command[better source needed]
- 1st Corps
- 2nd Corps
- 3rd Corps
- 4th Corps
- 5th Corps
- Fist Battalion
- Quneitra Hawks Brigade
- al-Shaitat tribe militias
- Local Defence Forces[10][18]
- Military Intelligence Directorate
- Military Security Shield Forces
- Desert Commandos Regiment[23]
- Lions of Hamidiya[24]
- Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes[25]
- Falcons of the Euphrates[26]
- Air Force Intelligence Directorate
- Guardians of the Dawn
- Lions of the Cherubim
- Earthquake of Jobar
- Ararat Group
- Lions of the Valley
- Intervention Regiment
- Lions of Dwel’a
- Lions of the Cherubim
- Khaybar Brigade[27]
- Nusur Homs Regiment[28]
- Guardians of the Dawn
- Syrian Arab Army
Police forces
- Ministry of Interior
- Political Security Directorate
- Criminal Security Directorate
- Syrian Special Mission Forces
Allied armed groups:
- Vanguard for the Popular Liberation War
- Syrian Social Nationalist Party
- Amal Movement[32]
- Arab Nationalist Guard[33][34]
- Syrian Resistance[35]
- Falcons of the Jazira and Euphrates[36]
- Army of Monotheist[30]
- Bayraq al-Suwayda[38]
- Jaysh al-Sha’bi[39]
- Badr Brigades[43][better source needed]
- Palestine Liberation Army[45]
- Ba’ath Brigades
- Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas[46]
- Liwa Fatemiyoun[48]
- Hazrat-e Abolfazl Brigade[49]
- Liwa Zainebiyoun[50]
- Fulfilled Legion[51]
- Loyalist Army[53]
- al-Jabal Brigade[54]
- Jalamid Urman Brigade
- al-Zaghaba
- Ammar bin Yasir
- al-Suqur
- al-Basha
- Qalamoun Shield Forces[55][13][56][57]
- Homeland Protection Forces[57]
- Saladin Brigade[61]
- Lions of Hussein Brigade[62]
- Shield of the Coast[63]
- Shield of the Lion’s Lair [63]
- Brigades of the Den[64][65]
- al-Hosn[63]
- al-Mukhtar Company[66]
- al-Berri tribe militias[67][68]
- Tayy tribe militias[69]
- Al-Baggara tribe militias[70]
- Raqqawi tribe militias
- al-Jihesh tribe militias[71]
- Syrian National Resistance (2016–17)
- Kafr Saghir Martyrs Brigade
- Far-right volunteers[74][75][76]
- Slavonic Corps[77][78] (2013)
- Syrian Hezbollah
- Russian Armed Forces
- Russian Air Force
- Russian Navy
- General Staff
- GRU
- Special Operations Command
- Russian Ground Forces
- Russian Airborne Troops
Popular Mobilization Forces-affiliated militias
- Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada
- Badr Organization[107]
- Asa’ib Ahl al-Haq[107]
- Kata’ib Hezbollah[108]
- Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba
- Peace Companies[111]
- Kata’ib al-Imam Ali
- Iraqi Liberation Movement[112]
- Force 313[112]
- Promised Day Brigade
- Zulfiqar Brigade[113][114]
Armament support:
Iraq (limited airstrikes on ISIL in eastern Syria, 2017)
Syrian opposition and allies
Syrian opposition affiliated rebel groups
- Tahrir al-Sham
- Ahrar al-Sham
- Army of Free Men
- Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement
- Southern Front
- Army of Islam
- al-Rahman Legion
- Free Idlib Army
- 1st Brigade of Damascus
- Levant Legion
- Martyrs of Islam Brigade
- Authenticity and Development Front
- Unification Army
- Company of the People of the Levant
- Army of Free Tribes
- Al-Qaratayn Martyrs Brigade
- Badia Forces[129][130][better source needed]
- Revolutionary Commando Army[131]
- Criterion Brigades
- Unified Syrian Army[133]
- Syrian Liberation Front[134]
- Sword of God Brigade
- Idlib Martyrs Brigade
- Saad ibn Muaz Brigade
- Katibat Dar’ Muhammad
- Ali ibn Abi Talib Battalion
- Saraya al-Handase
- Islamic Union of the Soldiers of the Levant (2013–2017)
- Abu Amara Battalions Covert Special Tasks Force
- Deir ez-Zor Liberation Brigade[137]
- Islamic Freedom Brigade[138]
- 23rd Division[140]
- 2nd Army[136]
- 46th Division
- 312th Division
- 314th Company
- Central Division[141]
- National Liberation Movement[141][136]
- Free Syrian Police
- Free Police[144]
- Special Forces[145]
Allied armed groups:
- Shields of the Revolution Council (until 2014)
- Aknaf Bait al-Maqdis (until 2015)
Joint operations rooms:[157]
- Northern Homs Countryside Operations Room[158][159]
Armament support:
- Third Army
- 57th Commando Regiment[170]
- Third Army
- Turkish Naval Forces[171]
- General Staff
- Soldiers of the Mahdi[175][176]
- Malhama Tactical
- Soldiers of the Levant (until 2016)
- Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance (until 2015)[186]
Support:
Democratic Federation of Northern Syriaand allies
- People’s Protection Units (YPG)
- Women’s Protection Units (YPJ)
- Anti-Terror Units
- Shammer tribe militias[193]
- Saadallah al-Jabiri Battalion[196]
- Kurdish Front
- Martyr Qasim Areef Battalion[200]
- Division 30 remnants[201]
- Hammam Turkmen Martyrs Brigade[202]
- Homs Commandos Brigade
- 99th Infantry Brigade
- 455th Special Tasks Brigade
- Tribal Forces[203][204]/[205]
- Northern Democratic Brigade[206]
- Shahba Forces[207]
- Northern Sun Battalion
- Euphrates Brigades
- Soldiers of the Two Holy Mosques Brigade
- Euphrates Martyrs Brigade
- Dam Martyrs Brigade
- Al-Qusais Brigade
- Manbij Turkmen Brigade
- Generous Raqqa Battalion[208]
- Raqqa Hawks Brigade
- Raqqa Martyrs Brigade[212]
- Jazeera Knights[213]
- Free Officers Union[215][216]
- Liberation Brigade
- Tell Abyad Revolutionaries Brigade
- Free Raqqa Brigade
- Free Tabqa Brigade[217]
- Umanaa al-Raqqa Brigade
- Harun al-Rashid Brigade
- Euphrates Liberation Brigade
- Manbij Hawks Brigade
- Free Jarabulus Battalion
- Euphrates Jarabulus Battalions
- Jarabulus Hawks Battalion[218]
- Al-Bab Revolutionary Front
- Qebasîn Martyrs Brigade
- Al-Bab Countryside Martyrs Battalion
- Free Arima Battalion
- Martyr Silo al-Rai Brigade
- Kieba Martyrs Brigade
- Martyr Joel Hanna[223][224][better source needed]
- Nattoreh
- Martyr Amara Arab Women’s Battalion[225]
- Battalion of Karachok Martyrs[226]
- al-Shaitat tribe militias [227]
- Badia Hawks Brigade[228]
- Revolutionary Forces[229]
- Harabiyya tribe militias[230]
- Ajeel tribe militias[231]
- Al-Baggara tribe militias
- Zubayd tribe militias[232]
- Asayish[233]
- SWAT Units (HAT)[234]
- Bethnahrain Women’s Protection Forcespolice branch
- Raqqa Internal Security Forces[236]
- Self-Defense Forces (HXP)[237]
- Military Discipline Units
- Special Forces[238]
Allied armed groups:
- International Freedom Battalion[240][241]
Military councils:
- Manbij Military Council
- Deir ez-Zor Military Council[256]
Armament support:
- United States[269]
- United Kingdom[270]
(against ISIL and Turkish-backed rebels, 2015–17)
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and allies
- Islamic Muthanna Movement (until 2016)[291]
- Dokumacılar[293][294]
- Liwa Dawud (until 2014)[296][297]
- Group of the One and Only (until 2016)
